Pazinthu zamakono zamafakitale, mafilimu ophatikizika -amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaketi, zamagetsi, zamankhwala ndi mafakitale ena chifukwa champhamvu yake yolimbana ndi kutentha, mphamvu zamakina komanso kusakhazikika kwamankhwala. Kapangidwe ka filimuyi-zolumikizana nazo zimakhudza momwe amachitira. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za mmene filimuyo ikuyendera mwatsatanetsatane-zogwirizana pofuna kuthandiza akatswiri kuti amvetse bwino mmene amapangira mafilimu.
Kukonzekera zakuthupi ndi kusakaniza
Kupanga filimu -yomangika kumayamba ndi kusankha zipangizo. Zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo utomoni woyambira monga polyethylene (PE) ndi polypropylene (PP), komanso zowonjezera zogwira ntchito monga cross-zolumikizira (monga peroxides), ma antioxidants, ndi mafuta. Zopangira izi ziyenera kusakanizidwa mu gawo linalake kuti zitsimikizire kufanana ndi kukhazikika kwa processing wotsatira. Kusakaniza kumachitika mothamanga kwambiri-ndi chosakaniza chothamanga kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kumayang'aniridwa mkati mosiyanasiyana kuti asatengeke msanga ndi zopangira.
Extrusion akamaumba
Zosakaniza zosakaniza zimalowa mu extruder ndipo zimasungunuka ndi pulasitiki pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika. Chotuluka nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito masikelo amodzi-kapena mapasa-pawiri. Kupyolera mu kasinthasintha ndi kumeta ubweya wa screw, zopangira zimasakanizidwa bwino ndipo kusungunuka kwa yunifolomu kumapangidwa. Chosungunukacho chimatulutsidwa mufilimu kudzera mu T-die ndikulowa mu chozira chozizira kuti chipangidwe koyambirira. Chinsinsi cha siteji iyi ndi kufanana kulamulira kutentha ndi extrusion liwiro kuonetsetsa yunifolomu filimu makulidwe ndi pamwamba yosalala.
Thandizo-lolumikizana
Cross-linking ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga-mafilimu olumikizana. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga maukonde atatu-pakatikati pa unyolo wa mamolekyulu a polima pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena njira zakuthupi, potero kumapangitsa kuti filimuyi isamatenthedwe komanso imasinthasintha. Njira zolumikizirana zofananira-zikuphatikizapo:
Chemical cross-linking: Add peroxide cross-linking agent panthawi yotulutsa, ndipo filimuyo imakumana ndi -kulumikizana ndi kutenthetsa kotsatira.
Electron beam cross-linking: Filimuyi imawunikiridwa ndi{1}}nyezi yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ipangitse kuphatikizika kwa ma molecular chain cross-kulumikizana popanda kuwonjezera zinthu zina.
Silane cross-linking: Silane cross-malinking agents amawonjezedwa panthawi ya extrusion, ndipo filimuyi imalumikizidwa-pamakina omangira nthunzi wamadzi.
Tumizani-mankhwala ndi kudula
Filimu yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda-yofunika kuziziritsidwa ndi kupangidwa bwino, ndiyeno chithandizo chapamwamba (monga chithandizo cha corona) chikhoza kuchitidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kusindikiza kapena kuchita zinthu mophatikizana. Pomaliza, filimuyo imadulidwa ndikukulungidwa malinga ndi zosowa za kasitomala kuti apange chomaliza.
Kapangidwe ka filimu yolumikizana-ndi yovuta, koma kudzera muulamuliro wa sayansi, kachitidwe kake kakhoza kutsimikizidwa kuti kakhale kokhazikika ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zamafakitale osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, njira yopangira ma cross{2}}ma membranes akukonzedwa mosalekeza ndipo izikhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'tsogolomu.